Akses Keadilan Bagi Korban Rudapaksa: Tinjauan Kritis Terhadap Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia dari Sudut Pandang HAM

Sanusi Sanusi; Rezike Nurul Ergiarti; Fajar Ari Sudewo; Mukhidin Mukhidin; Moh. Taufik

doi:10.62383/mahkamah.v2i1.432

Authors

Sanusi Sanusi Universitas Pancasakti Tegal
Rezike Nurul Ergiarti Universitas Pancasakti Tegal
Fajar Ari Sudewo Universitas Pancasakti Tegal
Mukhidin Mukhidin Universitas Pancasakti Tegal
Moh. Taufik Universitas Pancasakti Tegal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v2i1.432

Keywords:

access to justice, child rape, criminal justice system, human rights, Indonesia

Abstract

This study critically examines access to justice for minors who are victims of rape in the context of the Indonesian criminal justice system, with a special focus on the human rights perspective. This study is motivated by the high number of cases of sexual violence against children and the complexity of handling them in the Indonesian legal system. The research problem is how to protect human rights for minors who are victims of rape in the law enforcement system in Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative normative legal research by analyzing legal doctrine and related legislation. The research method used is qualitative normative legal research, namely examining various laws and regulations and related literature to understand legal principles and their implementation in the field. The results of the study show that in terms of legal-normative, the protection of children's human rights is regulated in various national and international laws and regulations. However, there are several challenges in its implementation in the field such as limited understanding of law enforcement officers, facilities, and implementing regulations. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen socialization, legal frameworks and implementation facilities, and continuous evaluation in order to realize universal protection of children's human rights. This study identifies systemic challenges faced by victims in seeking justice, including child-unfriendly legal procedures, lack of psychosocial support, and persistent social stigma. The study’s main findings indicate significant gaps between international human rights standards on child protection and practices on the ground. This study argues for a comprehensive reform of Indonesia’s criminal justice system to better accommodate the needs and rights of child victims, including the provision of specialized legal assistance, increased sensitivity of law enforcement officers, and the development of recovery-centered justice mechanisms. This study offers concrete recommendations for system improvement, which are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, legal practitioners, and other stakeholders in efforts to improve access to justice for child rape victims in Indonesia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A, Mawati, E., Takariawan,., dkk, I., (2020), Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Mengenai Rehabilitasi Psikososial Korban Tindak Pidana terorisme Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana, Jurnal Belo.

Amalia, Lila A., "Penerapan Asas Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak di Indonesia," Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 26, no. 1 (2019): 117, https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol26.iss1.art7.

Atmasasmita,Romli, Sistem Peradilan Pidana, Perspektif Eksestensialisme dan Abolisianisme, Bandung; Penerbit Binacipta, 1996

Double victimization atau viktimisasi berganda merujuk pada sebuah definisi konsep viktimisasi yang dilaporkan dalam sebuah kejahatan dan terjadi untuk kedua kalinya. Biasanya terjadi pada saat korban melalui proses penyelidikan di kepolisian maupun pada saat pembuktian di pengadilan. Lihat Puti Marsha Diani, “Viktimisasi Berganda pada Perempuan Korban Kejahatan Kekerasan (Analisis Isi Pemberitaan Korban Perempuan dalam Koran Pos Kota April 2012 – Maret 2013)”, Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2014)

General Assembly Resolution 52/86, Crime Prevention And Criminal Justice Measures To Eliminate Violence Against Women, 1997. http://www.un.org/ga/documents/gares52/res5286.htm (diakses 28 Desember 2024).

Hanafi, Muhammad,(2019), Skripsi: “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Pelecehan Seksual dalam Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia, Medan:UMSU

Kekerasan Seksual di Indonesia, (2016), Data, Fakta dan Realita, Booklet MaPPI FHUI.

Komnas Perempuan, (2021), Perempuan Dalam Himpitan Pandemi: Lonjakan Kekerasan Seksual, Kekerasan Siber, Perkawinan Anak, dan Keterbatasan Penanganan di Tengah Covid-19, Jakarta: Penerbit Komnas Perempuan.

Komnas Perempuan, (2024), KAJIAN 21 TAHUN: Dalam Rangka Peringatan 25 Tahun Komnas Perempuan CATAHU 2023: CATATAN TAHUNAN KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN TAHUN 2023 , Jakarta:Komnas Perempuan,2024

Manan, Bagir, Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, disampaikan pada kuliah umum di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Perss FH, 1997.

Mansur,Arief, Dikdik M. dan Elisatris Gultom, (2007), Urgensi Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Antara Norma dan Realita, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.

Muhadar,dkk, (2009), Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana, Surabaya, CV.Putra Media Nusantara.

Putri, R. Diantina, “Korban Perkosaan: 'Butuh Waktu Lama Bagiku untuk Tidak Histeris'”, tirto.id,https://tirto.id/korban-perkosaan-039butuh-waktu-lama-bagiku-untuk-tidak-histeris039-cAy5 (diakses 28 Desember 2024)

Rajaguguk,Erman, Perlu Pembaharuan Hukum dan Profesi Hukum, Pidato Pengukuhan sebagai Guru Besar Hukum, Jakarta; Suara Pembaharuan, 1997.

RF ,Estu, et.al, Laporan Pemantauan Peradilan di enam wilayah (Medan, Palembang, Jakarta, Kalimantan Timur, Manado, Kupang Periode 2004-2005), Jakarta: LBH Apik Jakarta, 2007.

Rochaeti ,Nur, “Menegakkan HAM Melalui Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Di Indonesia”, PALASTREN, Vol. 7, No.1 (2014).

Rosana, Francisca Christy, “LBH APIK Kritik Polisi Soal Penanganan Kasus Kekerasan Seksual”, Tempo, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1149525/lbh-apik-kritik-polisi-soal-penanganan-kasus-kekerasan seksual/full&view=ok (diakses pada 28 Desember 2024).

Sheela Raja, Rebecca Campbell “Secondary Victimization of Rape Victims: Insights From Mental Health Professionals Who Treat Survivors of Violence”, Violence and Victims, Vol. 14, No. 3 (1999).

Sitorus, Ivan, dkk, Analisis Hukum Terhadap Hukuman Mati Bagi Pelaku Kejahatan Seksual (Pemerkosaan), (JUSTITIA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora) Vol. 9 No. 5 Tahun 2022

Soekanto, Soerjono, Penngantar Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta; Press Universita Indonesia, 1986.

UN Women, Handbook for Legislation on Violence Against Women (New York: UN Women, 2012)

World Health Organization, Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women: Taking Action and Generating Evidence (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010)